I read a recent Billings Gazette opinion on the Bear Stearns buyout by JP Morgan. I have to say, I chuckled a little bit at the resident economists on the Gazette editorial board. My favorite line was that Bush bailed out his capitalist buddies on Wall Street.
On March 9, the Federal Reserve, along with JP Morgan announced a $236 million deal to buyout Bear Stearns assets. The fall of an 80 year big five investment firm took less than 72 hours, one of the largest economic collapses in history. Bear Stearns had been a leading pusher of the now, essentially, worthless portfolios of mortgage backed securities.
Under the terms of the deal, JP Morgan will buy out BSC for $2/share, and assume risk on all but the riskiest $30 billion in mortgage securities. That $30 billion in paper will be backed by the Federal Reserve under an expansion of a depression era law allowing the government to intervene in extreme circumstances.
Somehow, as alluded to at the start, this has been construed as a bailout to the shareholders of Bear Stearns.
The two largest stakeholders in Bear Stearns were UK billionaire Joseph Lewis with a 9.6% stake and Chairman/former CEO Jimmy Cayne with a 5% share.
Joseph Lewis bought up approximately 15.9 million shares last summer and fall at the average sale price of $104, for a grand total of around $1,650,000,000. Now it is hard to be sympathetic to the financial woes of anyone with the ability to spend $1.65 billion on anything. However, that investment, per the fed brokered deal is now worth a little over $30 million. Even under the revised JP Morgan buyout (more on that below) , Mr. Lewis is looking at a loss of over $1.5 billion in under 12 months.
From market close on the Friday before the original deal was reached, Bear Stearns was trading at $34, by the time markets opened Monday, that stock was worth $2 a share. Or to put in terms of Mr. Lewis, this was a loss of $500 million in one weekend.
Again this is not to drum up sympathy, it is to dispel the myth that the fed’s actions were a bailout for investors. This was a supervised fire sale. Unlike the Long Term Capitol Management deal in the ’90’s; investors in Bear Stearns suffered huge losses. I am comfortable that the fed stepping in here will not create moral hazards against risky investments.
In response to the protests of shareholders, the original $2/share sale price has been increased to $10/share. I am in the school of thought that this is a good thing. Under the new terms, JP Morgan will assume $1 billion in risky Bear Stearns securities that were previously backed by the fed, and more importantly the new deal better reflects Bear Stearns market value. A total sale price of $236 million was insanely low; the property value of the Bear Stearns HQ in Manhattan could sell for five to ten times over that price.
The end product of these two weeks of minor chaos is that the Federal Reserve is more tied to Wall Street’s fortunes than it has been since the depression. In addition to the $29 billion in Bear Stearns assets, two other major firms have taken loans totaling $28 billion under the six month window opened by the fed.
Despite the risk to taxpayers, this needed to be done. Our economy right now depends on lending. When lenders balk at backing securities pushed by a big five firm we are in trouble. Hopefully this move will shore up confidence so the crisis on mortgage-based securities passes and we can continue on.
Some may think these problems are solely those of the Wall Street fat cats, but it does filter down to Montana. MHESAC failed to sell another round auction bonds. These bonds are some of the safest possible investments, yet lenders balked at repurchasing them. The inability to secure lines of credit from lenders showed it showed itself most spectacularly in Bear Stearns, but it does ripple down to us here in Big Sky Country.